Widener University Admissions (Costs, Scholarships Aid More)

Widener University Admissions (Costs, Scholarships Aid More) Widener University - DelawareDescription: Found only outside of Wilmington, Delaware, this grounds of Widener University was worked in 1976. It is basically a Law School (most of understudies are graduate understudies considering Law), yet offers different degrees and projects too. Mainstream undergrad majors incorporate general examinations, data science, and paralegal fields. The college has extra offices in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and Chester, Pennsylvania. Academics are upheld by a solid 9 to 1 understudy/staff proportion, and the little school size furnishes understudies with a customized and individual course of study. Grounds life is dynamic with numerous understudy clubs and associations to browse, including scholarly respect social orders, activism/political clubs, and recreational games. Wilmington, with a populace of around 70,000, offers understudies social and city-educational encounters; understudies get the chance to concentrate in a little network, while as yet being near an energetic downtown area. On the primary grounds, the Widener Pride contend in the NCAA Division III MAC Commonwealth Conference. The college fields 10 mens and 11 womens intercollegiate teams.â Affirmations Data (2014): Percent of Applicants Admitted: - %Widener University - Delawareâ has open affirmations Test Scores 25th/75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: -/ - SAT Math: -/ - SAT Writing: -/ - Whats a decent SAT score?ACT Composite: -/ - ACT English: -/ - ACT Math: -/ - Whats a decent ACT score? Enlistment (2014): All out Enrollment: 742 (93 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 13% Male/87% Female24% Full-time Costs (2014 - 15): Educational cost and Fees: $13,410Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $10,521Other Expenses: $5,616Total Cost: $30,747 Widener University - Delaware CampusFinancial Aid (2013 - 14): Level of New Students Receiving Aid: 67%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 17%Loans: 67%Average Amount of AidGrants: $ - Loans: $7,188 Scholastic Programs: Most Popular Majors: Legal Assistant/Paralegal, Business/Marketing, Information Science, Liberal Arts/General Studies Move, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time understudies): 100%4-Year Graduation Rate: 50%6-Year Graduation Rate: half Information Source: National Center for Educational Statistics In the event that You Like Widener University - Delaware, You May Also Like These Schools: Widener University: Profileâ Temple University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Wesley College: Profileâ Rowan University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania: Profileâ Kean University: Profile Delaware State University: Profile  Wilmington University: Profileâ Arcadia University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Drexel University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Widener University - Delaware CampusMission Statement: statement of purpose fromâ widener.edu/about/vision_history/mission.aspx Here at Widener, aâ leading metropolitan university,â we accomplish our central goal by making a learning domain where educational programs are associated with cultural issues through municipal commitment. Our main goal at Widener incorporates the accompanying tenets:â We leadâ by giving a one of a kind blend of human sciences and expert training in a difficult, insightful, and socially assorted scholastic community. We engageâ our understudies through powerful instructing, dynamic grant, individual consideration, and experiential learning. We inspireâ our understudies to be residents of character who show proficient and municipal leadership.We contributeâ to the imperativeness and prosperity of the networks we serve.

Five Functions of Management: Advantages and Disadvantages

Five Functions of Management: Advantages and Disadvantages Henri Fayol is generally recognized as the soonest pioneer and backer of the errand of the board Parker and Ritson, 2005 His administration hypotheses were first proposed in the mid 1900s. Regardless of numerous reactions, Fayols speculations despite everything structure the premise of the board practices and lessons in the 21st century. Taking a few articles for reference, this exposition will mostly examine the points of interest and impediments of Fayols idea of five elements of the board in present day endeavors by certain models. There are around three fundamental parts in this paper starting with the presentation. Furthermore, in the fundamental body of this article, in light of some scholarly looks into, there are around seven sections talking about the favorable circumstances and burdens of Fayols idea of five elements of the executives. An end will be made finally. There is no uncertainty that Fayol is most popular for a three-crease commitment to the board hypothesis. Among his commitments, the idea of five elements of the executives merits talking about constantly. Fayol recognized five key elements of the board and these elements of administrative movement are: guaging and arranging, sorting out, coordination, order and control. As per Fayol, estimating includes dissecting the future and drawing a strategy (Pugh advertisement Hichson, 2007). Furthermore, with respect to sorting out, Fayol accepted that an associations structure was significant, as it can encourage the ideal lead of its business exercises (Pugh and Hichson, 2007). As per Pugh and Hichson (2007), in his unique composition, Fayol utilized the term order to represent a chiefs obligation to lead and direct representatives towards the accomplishment of hierarchical objectives and methodologies. About the capacity of coordination, Fayol made a recommendation that supervisors should tie together, bring together and blend all the associations exercises and endeavors. In contemporary administration practice, this can be clarified into that the supervisors ought to be liable for ensuring that all the hierarchical business exercises are composed to cause the representatives to can bring together inside one office or among various divisions. The last not minimal capacity of the executives is control. Fayol perceived the significance of control inside an association and bolster that it guarantees everything happens in similarity with built up rules and communicated order. In the article of Fayol-standing the trial of time, McLean (2011) initially presented the substance of the five elements of the board and expressed that in contemporary society, there are a few points of interest of these capacities to improvement of the ventures. In the first place, McLean (2011) expressed that with the improvement of globalized information economy, the capacities of anticipating and arranging can pick up accomplishment in the opposition. Second, sorting out can request that the administrators do a fitting framework, which will advance the associations framework, assets, systems, procedures and benefits and empower information to be dispersed to the individuals who need it, when they need it. Third, McLean (2011) likewise expressed that control is one of the most significant obligations of an administrator and heavily influenced by the directors. Leveled out of the directors, the approaches and techniques can be executed by plan and inside spending plan, set timesca les and distributed assets. Fourth, under the capacity of order, the chiefs can build up an exhaustive information on their representatives, which can create a positive mental agreement that connects with workers with their employments and the association. Whats more, Fayols administrative capacities are often refered to as the motivation for the contemporary act of isolating administrative movement (and the board reading material) into the elements of arranging, driving, sorting out and controlling (Davidson and Griffin, 2000; Lewis, Goodmand and Fandt ,1995). With respect to the arranging, Fayol accepted that an associations structure was significant, as it encouraged the ideal direct of its business. Regardless of whether there are points of interest of this idea or not stays an open inquiry, In the article of Fayol-standing the trial of time, Miss Jacqueline McLean expressed that in contemporary society, sorting out can request that the supervisors do a fitting foundation, which will upgrade the associations framework, assets, techniques, procedures and benefits and empower information to be scattered to the individuals who need it, when they need it. In the mean time, arranging additionally can incorporate a wide range of assets of the organizations, including HR, money related and material assets. So there are a few favorable circumstances about the idea. What's more, this idea is likewise impacting the structure of the organizations and the greater part of associations give more consideration to the structure of the hierarchical stru cture. The KFCà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…'one of the most acclaimed and significant inexpensive food chain eateries, is continually giving its consideration to the structure of the structure constantly. In 2004, with the AIV spreading rapidly in Asia, the vast majority of the KFC customers stopped the line of hanging tight for KFC, failing to eat chicken. Particularly in Vietnam, the most AIV-hit nation, KFC business was gone up against with an emergency. In any case, KFC then changed its authoritative structure, supplanting the Fried Chicken with Fried Fish. In this way, at last it recaptured a major achievement. Under the direction of Fayols idea about the sorting out, numerous associations think about the significance of the structure and focus on building their authoritative graph and hence gain achievement. Truth be told, the structure of the authoritative structure should fit the improvement of the association. As the expression goes, readiness guarantees achievement and ineptness spells disappointment. So does the improvement of one association. As per Fayol, guaging includes investigation of things to come and drawing up a strategy. About this Fayols idea, a few creators saw that there are a few focal points. In the article of Fayol-standing the trial of time, McLean (2011) expressed that with the advancement of globalized information economy, the capacities of determining and arranging can pick up accomplishment in the opposition. In the article of The establishment of Henri Fayols regulatory hypothesis, Mr. Wren, Mr. Bedeeian and Mr. Breeze expressed that the most significant of the methods which one must use to guarantee business achievement was arranging. To make a business, the organizers need capital labor and time and ought to have outlets for the items or administration. To estimate these requirements and accommodating them is the principle capable of the directors. So Fayols idea about arranging has its own points of interest. Furthermore, it likewise improves the advancement of the organizations in contemporary occasions. Because of the loss of electronic mail, Morgan Stanley paid out more than billions of dollars. Be that as it may, this occasion is only one glimpse of something larger of the enduring an incredible number of cost which is brought about by the wrong data the executives. Gone up against with this issue, British Airway made arrangement and guaging and pronounced its business objective: to mechanize increasingly more capacity and attempt their best to create clients self improvement administration framework ,, for example, electronic ticket, and even that clients can printed their tickets in their own home. This technique made British Airway convention the improvement help of the organizations designedly. In spite of the fact that there are heaps of favorable circumstances of Fayols idea of the five elements of the executives, there are a few inconveniences of them. With respect to the anticipating and arranging, if a business made a decent arranging, it will get an incredible achievement. If not, there will be a major disappointment, similarly as the adage goes Changes consistently go past plans. As McLean (2011) expressed in the article of Fayol-standing the trial of time that the globalized information economy and the nearness of pervasive change and rivalry make anticipating, arranging and strategising key administrative exercises, determining and arranging are simultaneously the fundamental driver of an association disappointment. HP, a major innovative items provider of the world, is continually promising its workers to go ahead to their objectives, which are arranged by the association. As per HP official Website, in 2010㠯⠼å'in understanding with its arrangement, HP boug ht Palm organization with the Web-based Operating System to get itself to a more elevated level. Be that as it may, subsequently, the new item with the WebOS couldn't contend with ipad and was not well known with the shoppers. In 2011, HP announced to stop the examination of WebOS. So to buy Palm with an entire $1.2 Billion is truly not a savvy decision. Numerous different associations on the planet are likewise continually adhering to the guidelines of anticipating and arranging idea in Fayols the executives hypothesis, yet just a decent arrangement is a long way from enough in contemporary serious setting. The other detriment originates from the capacity of order and control in Fayols hypothesis. As per Wren, Bedeian and Breeze (2002), the order made by the more significant position authority and which, be it immediate or through progressive levels in the association, should arrive at all pieces of the association, and the reactions should return in the converse sense, either legitimately or through the levels, to the focal power. In this way an association can work easily. In any case, there are likewise counterviews, who consider that the over the top order and control will hurt individual fulfillment and their confidence. In the article of Fayols 14 standards of the board at that point and now: a structure for overseeing todays associations, Rodrigues expressed that if the supervisors can isolate their administrative work from the genuine work obviously, they can have vitality to concentrate on the objective of the advancement of their own undertakings and manage the advertising out side the organizations. In the article Henri Fayol as systems: a nineteenth century corporate turnaround, Wren expressed that because of the chain of command, the chiefs can direct the venture toward its target. The bra

How to Minimize Morning Anxiety

How to Minimize Morning Anxiety Panic Disorder Coping Print How to Minimize Morning Anxiety By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Medically reviewed by a board-certified physician Updated on December 13, 2019 PeopleImages / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Many people with an anxiety disorder wake up feeling so worried and  full of dread that they just want to curl up under the covers and not face the day ahead. Try not to get discouraged, though, as there are a host of ways to minimize morning anxiety and wake up excited to start the new day. Tips for Reducing Morning Anxiety Try the following strategies for reducing and coping with anxiety when you wake up and go about your morning: Consider Your Sleep Habits Getting proper shuteye is extremely important for your mental and physical health. In fact, sleep problems like difficulties falling asleep and/or staying asleep are known to cause a variety of psychological and physical complaints.?? These include headaches, decreased energy, poor concentration, short-term memory problems, irritability, and anxiety. Some healthy sleep habits to consider adopting include: Go to bed at the same time every night and wake up at the same time every day, including weekends.Use your bed only for sleep and sex.Keep your bedroom cold (around 65 degrees Fahrenheit) and dark (invest in room-darkening shades or curtains).Avoid stimulating activities two to three hours before bedtime (for example, watching TV, working on your computer, exercising vigorously, and drinking caffeine).Engage in a relaxing activity before bedtime like curling up with a good book or getting a back rub from your partner. If you find youre unable to sleep well despite practicing good sleep hygiene, talk with your doctor. Examine Your Morning Stressors There may be parts of your morning routine that are anxiety-provoking, such as an alarm that jolts you awake and sends a rush of adrenaline coursing through your veins. If thats the case, consider changing your alarm to one that wakes you with soothing music.   Your a.m. anxiety may also be worsened by the long list of tasks you need to complete. To avoid feeling frenzied, give yourself plenty of time in the morning (hitting the snooze button, which can throw off your sleep cycles and your schedule, is a no-no) and complete some chores the evening before (for instance, packing lunches or preparing clothes). Do Some Relaxation Exercises Starting your day relaxed and focused can provide a sense of emotional balance that carries you through your day.?? Some techniques to try include: Deep Breathing: Shallow breathing can upset your bodys natural oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, signaling a stress response that contributes to anxiety and panic attacks. Breathing properly can help ensure that your blood is being properly oxygenated.Progressive Muscle Relaxation: This simple technique involves tensing and relaxing all of your bodys major muscles in order from your head to your feet.Guided Imagery: Through visualization, you use your imagination to picture yourself in a more calming and serene environment, such as at a beach or in a flower-covered meadow.Meditation: Mindfulness  meditation is a mental training practice that involves focusing your mind on your experiences (like your own emotions, thoughts, and sensations) in the present moment.Journaling: Journal writing is the act of writing down your thoughts, feelings, and perceptions regarding your life events. When used as a coping technique, journaling can be a helpful way to explore your fears, manage your s tress, and enhance your personal well-being.   Think Positively If you’ve been dealing with morning anxiety for some time, it’s possible that you have developed automatic negative thought patterns that can fuel your anxiety. This means that your mind awakens, and without any conscious effort on your part, worried thoughts take center stage, leading to more anxiety. It takes practice, but you can change these negative thought patterns  and replace them with positive thoughts and behaviors. First, identify the thoughts that need changing, and then develop your own positive counter-statements. For example, lets say you wake up and your first thoughts are, I feel terrible. How am I going to drive to work today? I’ll never get through the day. What’s wrong with me? You can replace these negative thoughts with positive statements, such as: Yes, I feel anxious this morning, but I have felt this way before and have been able to handle it. If I have trouble with anxiety during the day, I can use relaxation techniques that will calm me down. Im in control. Anxiety is a normal human emotion, and its my cue to relax. If you find it useful to change your thought pattern, consider seeing a therapist trained in treating anxiety disorders with  cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), a type of psychotherapy that focuses on making connections between thoughts, behavior, and feelings.?? If face-to-face therapy isnt an option for you, there are online CBT programs you can utilize  where a therapist communicates with you through email  or telephone. Consider Your Diet Research suggests a link, albeit complex, between diet and anxiety. In other words, what you eat has the potential to either trigger or ease anxiety. In addition, research published in 2016 revealed that people with mood disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, tend to have poor dietsâ€"that is, ones that are low in fruits, vegetables, and protein, and high in saturated fat and refined carbohydrates.  ?? Under the guidance of your doctor and/or a nutritionist, try changing your diet to one thats balanced in protein, omega-3 fats (found in fatty fish), and fruits and vegetables. Choosing low-glycemic index carbs at each meal will help avoid glucose spikes and dips that may contribute to symptoms of anxiety. While the science is still not robust on this theory, it certainly may be worth a try.?? Lastly, when it comes to diet, dont forget the role of caffeine, a common and well-known anxiety-producing culprit. Even if caffeine isnt causing your morning anxiety, its a powerful stimulant that can fuel anxiety in a few peopleâ€"so consider eliminating or at least cutting back on coffee and tea to see if your symptoms improve.?? A Word From Verywell If your morning anxiety affects your daily functioning or quality of life, be sure to see your primary care doctor or a mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist. Its best to not carry the burden of your worries on your own shoulders. Let someone whos trained in treating anxiety disorders help you feel better and get well. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups of 2020

The Supreme Court Had To Ultimately Determine Whether Or

The Supreme Court had to ultimately determine whether or not the Bakeshop Act of 1895 violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause. After two days of oral arguments, the Supreme Court voted 5 to 4, in favor of Lochner. Hall and Patrick (2006) notes that Justice John Marshall Harlan was initially attached to writing the opinion of the court. However, Justice Harlan was unable to maintain a majority and, as a result, Justice Rufus Peckham wrote the majority opinion (70). Following the shift, the majority opinion of the Court found that the New York law was, in fact, unconstitutional for several reasons. Justice Peckham argued that the state’s use of police powers must be exercised â€Å"in a legitimate, fair, and reasonable way† (70).†¦show more content†¦Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., on the other hand, provided a dissenting opinion which argued that the Court should rule in favor of the state legislature. Justice Holmes agreed with the diss enting opinion of Justice Harlan, Justice White, and Justice Day. However, Justice Holmes argued that the Court must respect the will of the American people and, by ruling in Lochner’s favor, the Court was ignoring popular will (71). Justice Holmes also noted that â€Å"the Fourteenth Amendment had not enacted Mr. Herbert Spencer’s Social Statics,† (71) which had suggested that differences among social classes were inescapable and, as such, the law should perpetuate such differences as they were deemed â€Å"good† for society (71). The decision of Lochner v. New York (1905) was exceptionally controversial and the period following this court case would be infamously known as the Lochner era (72). The industrial growth brought forth rapid social and economic changes which prompted states, like New York, to mitigate its various consequences. The Court’s use of its judicial review, however, subsequently allowed for the Constitution to adopt a specific economic theory – an economic theory that would be used to strike down countless reform regulations on federal child labor laws, minimum wage laws, and regulations on various industries (72). Hall and Patrick (2006) state that the Lochner v. New York (1905)Show MoreRelatedCourt Law : Legal Definitions And Aspects Of Court Cases1132 Words   |  5 Pagesrule under various circumstances. As in many court cases, it comes down to the facts and circumstance to determine the taxability along with the burden of proof is on the petitioner. These facts and circumstances will determine 1) Whether the taxpayer’s settlement is eligible to be exempt from taxation; 2) The portion of settlement that is exempt from taxation 3) The portion of the settlement that is taxable; 4) The treatment of lawyer fees 1. 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Meanwhile the idea of same sex marriage is becoming more and more accepted among young generations. The courts lie in the middle of this chaos. When laws are passed which discriminate against members of the LGBTQ commu nity and are met with legal challenges, it is up to the courts to make a difficult decision. They must decide if the rights of the minority are important enough to disregard the will of the majority of voters. To do this, theyRead MoreThe Judicial Branch Of The United States Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesapplying laws by means of a court system.1 This system functions by hearing and determining the legality of such cases.2 Sitting at the top of the United States court system is the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court of the United States encompasses the federal judiciary, explicitly the judicial branch. 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Abraham Lincoln lost in his bid to be elected to the United States Senate but in losing he ultimately won as his debates with Douglas established him as a strong voice against slavery and catapulted him into the PresidencyRead MoreThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: An Analysis of Argumentative Articles941 Words   |  4 Pagesinitially seemed to generate very little confusion, it gradually developed into a country-wide dispute with a large segment of the media denouncing its status. Articles like Republicans argue for extending Obamacare delay, Nick Wings A Year After Supreme Court Ruling, Obamacare Is Still Constitutional, Nation Still Hasnt Imploded, and Paul Krugmans The Obamacare Shock all discuss about the negative aspects of the act. 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The Riot That Occurred During The Early Morning Of June

The riot that occurred during the early morning of June 28, 1969, as well as the riots that occurred as a result, dubbed the Stonewall Riots, are the beginning of the gay rights movement. Until the last quarter of the twentieth century, homosexuality, bisexuality, transvestism, and transgender sex changes were considered signs of mental illness. Painful electroshock therapy was often enforced upon those who displayed homosexual behavior. They were the objects of public suspicion, job discrimination, and outright violence. Gays, lesbians, and other sexual minority groups were stigmatized by society and harassed by law enforcement (â€Å"The Stonewall Riots†). The negative perception of homosexuality began to change in the 1940s as it gradually†¦show more content†¦By 1969 there were roughly fifty Homophile organizations in the United States with memberships of a few thousand each. Around this same time, groups of prominent gays and lesbians in the United States began t o advocate openly for equal rights. Among these were the Mattachine Society, an advocacy group for gay men, and the Daughters of Bilitis, which, like its male counterpart, â€Å"served as a support network for homosexuals who felt maltreated by or secluded from mainstream society† (â€Å"Gay Rights Movement†). Both establishments hoped to present a picture of gays and lesbians as no different from heterosexual citizens. However, these organizations were forced to operate largely in secret and under ambiguous names to conceal their purpose. Neither of these groups attracted more than a few hundred members. Therefore, while there was some organized activity for gay rights, the gay community throughout the United States was still essentially underground in the late 1960s. Its bars were only open as long as the police allowed them to stay open and it wasn’t unusual for the police to close down certain gay bars for weeks as a time. In June 1969, the NYPD shut down a number of clubs and bars, but the Stonewall Inn remained open. Located in the heart of Greenwich Village, the Stonewall Inn attracted runaways and drag queens, most of whom were African American or Hispanic. The bar didn’t have a liquor license and was rumored to be tied toShow MoreRelatedThe Stonewall Riots And The Gay Rights Movement1173 Words   |  5 PagesIt was approximately three a.m. on the twenty-eighth of June, 1969 when outside the Stonewall Inn, a monumental riot began. On Christopher Street in New York City, a police raid had just taken place in the gay bar due to the selling of liquor without a license, and arrests were made to anyone without a minimum of three articles of gender appropriate clothing on in accordance to New York law. 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The Dow Jones Sustainability Index - 1793 Words

The Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) was launched in 1999, making its name as the world’s first leading global benchmark for sustainability. This index consists of the top 10% of the largest 2,500 companies in terms of sustainability. Corporate sustainability is the business approach that formulates long-term shareholder value by grasping opportunities and controlling risks created from economic, environmental and social development. Sustainability serves as opportunities and risks that companies must adjust to and is critical to the creation of long-term shareholder value, especially in an increasingly resource constrained world. The DJSI has become an effective engagement platform as it encourages competition among companies for a†¦show more content†¦If companies that meet a certain size criteria decide not to participate, RobecoSAM completes the questionnaire to their fullest extent based on publically available information. The â€Å"Assessed Universe† is created following the results of the CSA questionnaire as a result of companies are ranked against peers according to their Total Sustainability Score. RobecoSAM then continues to monitor new coverage of the companies in the universe on a daily basis, whether it is through media stories, RepRisk, and etc., in order to analyze the company’s involvement with the environmental, social, economic issues that may negatively effect one’s reputation and core business. Through careful observation of the universe, RobecoSAM is able to in decide whether a company’s policies, processes, management systems, and commitments shape into excellent positive performance. RobecoSAM then has 59 industries roll up into 24 global industry groups so that the top scoring company from each is included on the DJSI. Not only does RobecoSAM stand as the basis for the development of the DJSI, but it also provides insights used to conduct empirical in-house research or is used to measure the impact of corporate sustainability performance on financial performance. The triple bottom line is measured in three different categories including social, environmental, and financial factors. The financial factors are easy to measure

Retrieved From Energy Harvesting Wireless -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Retrieved From Energy Harvesting Wireless? Answer: Introducation It employs 128-bit keys and a 48-bit initialization vector which minimizes replay attacks vulnerability(Syed A. Ahson, Ocober 2012). Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol provides data privacy, authentication, and integrity. CCMP encryption standard may need more advanced hardware since it requires extra processing power. Triple Data Encryption Standard(3DES): Triple data encryption standard uses three keys that are different each with a length of 56-bit. The three keys often cause the performance to be slow in most software, and therefore the Triple Data Encryption Standard is getting obsolete with time. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES): Advanced Encryption Standard supports 128-bit, 192-bit and 256-bit encryption keys(Jeffrey G. Andrews A. G., 2011). It is, therefore, faster than Triple Data Encryption Standard which uses 56-bit encryption keys. Advanced Encryption Standard uses less memory and is easily implemented. However, Advanced Encryption Standard is not used by all end-user terminal keeping Triple Data Encryption Standard still in use(Alejandro Aragn, September 5, 2017). Security challenges for WPAN technologies. Bluetooth Wireless, Personal Area Networks, are vulnerable to eavesdropping(Kevin Townsend, May 22, 2014). An attacker may make an independent connection with the involved victims and send messages between the two in a way that makes them think they are only communicating with each other on the private connection(Heydon, November 7, 2012). ZigBee: ZigBees security layer is built on the Residential mode security mode which uses a single key for all the personal Area Network in all the connected applications(Faludi, January 3, 2011). The main security vulnerability in this mode is the lack of a security protection of packets from a suspected malicious node within the network. Reflection on the topic of Energy Harvest Wireless communication industry has massively continued to grow as more embrace the technology and its elegance. However, the full functionality of wireless networks used to relay the communicated information is primarily dependent on energy. It has been a challenge providing energy to all the devices used to set up a working wireless communication system due to the impossibilities of replacing batteries in some of the devices used and the cost of the replacements when possible(Sheikh, 2017). Some devices may be placed in locations that cannot be easily accessed when there is need to replace the battery while some locations may not have electricity at all. Energy harvest is an excellent solution to the challenges stated above. Using energy from the surrounding environments such as the wind and solar energy may solve all the energy problems. Most devices will be placed in places where there is at least one environmental source of energy that can be used and cater for all the energy-related problems that the device would have heard(Ulukus, et al., 2015). Even though there are some challenges that still need to be addressed to be able to develop energy harvesting systems that are efficient, cost-effective, and reliable for the wireless sensor network environment, the energy harvesting technique remains a great invention that needs to be more researched and implemented. Wireless sensor network devices that operate in the atmosphere will have a great benefit not need electricity. It is naturally hard to get to the devices that have been set to operate from the atmosphere. If energy harvesting is done, the device will minimize downtimes by having enough power all the time without the need for anybody going there. Some of these networking devices are managed remotely. For the devices managed remotely, there will be no need for visiting the precise location of the device since the power may be sufficient for a long period. Other wireless sensor network devices use electricity and will also benefit from the energy harvesting. Devices that do not use batteries need electricity that flows without disruptions. Most companies offering electricity to companies and organizations with these devices do not guarantee electricity flow all the time of day all days(Alireza Khaligh, December 2010). At times, it happens that there are blackouts that will affect the working of the devices and tamper with the communication services. The Energy from the harvest sources would not guarantee full-time energy, but at least there would be no disconnection time when the source of power is more than one. After advancements, the power would possibly be enough, and the devices would only rely on the harvested energy. Wireless networks have recently been the adopted by most systems that use networks to communicate. The operation of the wireless network provides for efficient systems that are independent of location barriers and structure of the buildings in the company. Recent applications of the wireless network include networks used for environmental monitoring, networks used for controlling and tracking animals and those used for Safety, security, and military applications. Others are used to manage health applications and built environments. All the wireless sensor networks have nodes with a structure that has a memory module, communication module and the processor. Each module requires power to work. It will be easy to work with the system when the power comes from a system within the wireless sensor network device. The implementation of the energy harvester involves adding a module that harvests the ambient energy and another one that manages the generated energy. Some energy is kept in the store while some are directly used. When the energy source is not available, for instance, the wind is not flowing, and the energy harvester was using the wind, the system will use the stored power. The power works sufficiently since no power is consumed from the store when the harvester can harvest. This makes the system work at all time provided the environmental factor used to generate the energy will be available at some time before the energy in the store is exhausted. It is easy to manage the energy harvested since it is possible to improve the amount harvested by a given harvester and store the energy in bigger stores that will carry enough power to use for all the period the environmental resource being used to generate the energy may be unavailable. This will help increase the efficiency and availability of the system. Explanation Most of the WSN devices that support energy harvesting work based on the piezoelectric, electrostatic effects and electromagnetic effects. The systems basically try to convert vibrations into electric energy. One system uses a mass-spring while the other is mechanical to electrical converter. The mass-spring system is responsible for transforming vibration received from the environmental resource in use to generate motion between two elements that are connected to a single axis. On the other hand, the mechanical to electrical converter takes in the relative motion generated and transforms it into electrical energy. The system does this by exploiting one of the three effects stated above. The mechanical to electrical converter working by exploitation of the Piezoelectric effect generate electric potential after twisting, compressing or distorting some piezoelectric crystals. The piezoelectric material causes deforms the internal structure of the molecules shifting charge centers from positive to negative and vice versa when put under external forces such as compression or twisting(Lu, 2015). The shift produces some microscopic polarization to the material. The polarization produced is normally directly proportional to the applied force. The polarization results into a potential difference across the material that generates an Alternating Current. The Alternating current generated is converted to the required Direct Current through the use of a diode rectifier. The mechanical to electrical converter working by electromagnetic effect is ruled by Lenzs law such that any change in the magnetic condition of the involved coils outputs an electromotive force. The electromotive force generated induces some voltage to the coil in use. Relating to the system above, the magnet acts as the mass in the spring system producing some parallel movement to the coil axis(Mathna, 2012). The parallel movement induces an Alternating Current in the secondary coil which produces the required energy for powering our device. The mechanical to electrical converter working by kinetic energy also operates just like the previous systems working by vibrations. The turbine in use normally converts the flow of the wind or the water being used for rotational movements working on the windmill or turbine in use(Chetwynd, 2010). The movement of the turbine or the windmill is used to drive an electromagnetic generator that generates the energy required as explained in the systems above. References Alejandro Aragn, A. Z. (September 5, 2017). Indoor Wireless Communications: From Theory to Implementation 1st Edition. Wiley;. Alireza Khaligh, O. C. (December 2010). Energy Harvesting: Solar, Wind, and Ocean Energy Conversion Systems (Energy, Power Electronics, and Machines) 1st Edition. CRC Press. Chetwynd, M. M. (2010). Investigation of a resonance microgenerator. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 12-17. Faludi, R. (January 3, 2011). Building Wireless Sensor Networks: with ZigBee, XBee, Arduino, and Processing 1st Edition. O'Reilly Media. Heydon, R. (November 7, 2012). Bluetooth Low Energy: The Developer's Handbook 1st Edition. Prentice Hall; 1 edition . Jeffrey G. Andrews, A. G. (2011). Fundamentals of WiMAX: Understanding Broadband Wireless Networking 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall. Kevin Townsend, C. C. (May 22, 2014). Getting Started with Bluetooth Low Energy: Tools and Techniques for Low-Power Networking 1st Edition. O'Reilly Media. Lu, X. (2015). Wireless Networks With RF Energy Harvesting: A Contemporary Survey. Communications Surveys Tutorials, 33-37. Mathna, C. (2012). Energy scavenging for long-term deployable wireless sensor networks. Talanta . Sheikh, F. K. (2017, 02 25). Econpapers. Retrieved from Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review: https://econpapers.repec.org/article/eeerensus/v_3a55_3ay_3a2016_3ai_3ac_3ap_3a1041-1054.htm Syed A. Ahson, M. I. (Ocober 2012). WiMAX: Technologies, Performance Analysis, and QoS (WiMAX Handbook) 2nd Edition. CRC Press;. Ulukus, S., Yener, A., Erkip, E., Simeone, O., Zorzi, M., Grover, P., Huang, K. (2015, January 15). Energy Harvesting Wireless Communications: A Review of Recent Advances. Retrieved from IEEE Xplore Digital library: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7010878/

Baby Boomers Essays - Demographics, Counterculture Of The 1960s

Baby Boomers Our children are our future; our seniors are our foundation (Wissel L. 2000). Fifty five million Americans are age fifty five and older, according to the United States Census Bureau, of that number, thirty five million are age sixty five and older. By the year 2030, the sixty five and older population will double to seventy million, and the fastest growing segment of the older population is age eighty five and older. The baby boomer generation will soon reach the retirement age, and expected to redefine old age. Just as they have redefine every stage of their lives because boomers will be the largest generation of elderly, they will impact everything from housing to health care as the market and society caters to their wealth, longevity, and interest in new technology (Dytchweld K. 1999). The baby boomer generations also the first to have the luxury to examine personal issues and raise questions concerning work, health care, technology, politics, and social and moral issues (USA Today Magazine, November 19, 1999). No other generation reflects the complex world we live in today. The baby boomers have left their indelible mark on Americas social landscape. The baby boomers created pop culture and a new form of political activism (Breaux J. November 1999). Education, medical advances, and technology afforded more freedom and independence. Soon America will look different; the average age of the population will go up to fifty-five. The baby boomers will have the benefits and face the challenges of longevity. Can America afford the social, medical, and political issues the aging baby boomers demand? Will our transportation system ensure more old drivers have safe alternatives? How will our national housing policy adapt to the senior boom? How about the pension and financial plans that allow older Americans to move in and out of retirement (Breaux, J. November 1999). The size and distinct characters of the baby boomers will not only create a sense of urgency to current issues, but also create a whol e new set of aging issues. Among the many cultural contributions of the baby boomers along with the free love, the drug scenes and Grateful Dead ties, was the concept of generation gap (Veith G.). In every other culture and throughout history, children were socialized to be adults. When children grew up they took their parents places, roles and their values. There was no separate subculture, no music and fashion to set off the younger generation from their parents. Children were dressed, for the most part, like little adults, but in the mid twentieth century, American culture became stratified along generational lines (Veith G.). The generation prior to the baby boomers, after World War II, had extra ordinary prosperity and better living through technology, may have spoiled their children a little. The baby boomer generation never concentrated on learning their parents skills and disciplines, but worked hard on entertaining themselves. This process was helped along with not only television, but perhaps even mo re importantly radios and record players, which made possible the mass production and nationwide distribution of music (Veith G.) The baby boom generation has always been in the spotlight reshaping every American institution. As children, the public school systems were reinvented to meet their needs. As young adults, music and pop culture was drastically changed by their participation. As they move towards old age, they will also redefine and revolutionize the American aging experience. Baby boomers have reaped the benefits of change. They grew up with more education and high expectations, technology and medical research have blossomed throughout their lives and they have come to expect lifestyle improvements in every turn. With their political clout, they will expect the government, corporate America, the research community and the health care sector to meet their growing needs. Government policies should encourage private sector investments in products and services to help the needs of the aging baby boomers and reflect the diversity in lifestyle, race and income of the future senior citizens. For the last few decades the influential baby boomer segment of the population dominated the American culture virtually in any aspect. Television programming may not specifically target baby boomers, but since baby boomers fit into the prime eighteen to forty nine year old or

The Benito Pablo Juarez Journal essays

The Benito Pablo Juarez Journal essays What's a hero? A hero is define as "one that is much admired or shows great courage" by the Merriam Webster's Notebook Dictionary. A hero can also be define as what Benito Pablo Juarez is to Mexico. Benito was born in a small village in Oaxaca called San Pablo Guelatao on March 21, 1806 in a two roomed cottage with floors of dirt. Benito was born to Marcelino Juarez and Grigida Garcia two catholic Zapotec indians. Benito had two older sisters one named Maria and the other one Benito's parent's died only a couple of months apart from each other, three years after Benito's birth. When Benito's parent's died he and his sister's went to live with there grandparent's, Pedro Juarez and Justa Lopez. At the age eleven Benito's grandparent's died his sisters were older and had already gotten married. After that happend Benito had to move with his uncle Matias Juarez. Benito like many Zapotec indiants didn't speak spanish, he only spoke his native language. Matias tought Benito every thing he knew about the spanish language, but Benito wanted to learn more about it and about the world. The only way that Benito was going to be able to know more about the world and how to speak spanish was by going to the city of Oaxaca. Or by going to the Catholic Fathers, but Benito did not want to become a priest. One day when Benito was taking care of the sheep, he found out that there were some men that had come from the city of Oaxaca to buy some mules. As the men were walking down the road to get to the city of Oaxaca. Benito saw them, and decided to ask them to tell him a story about the city of Oaxaca. Wile the men were entertaining Benito with there stories about the city Oaxaca one of the men stole one of his sheep. A few minutes after the men left to the city of Oaxaca, Benito counted his sheep again. To see that one of them was missing, Benito does not ...

Project Reflective Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project Reflective Report - Essay Example This reflective paper will seek to discuss our business idea, particularly how it was conceived and how the group will communicate the idea to collaborators and potential clients. The group includes Jet who is a philosopher and photographer, Nathan, a businessman with interests in art and design, and me, a producer, singer, and artist. Us being a collective with interests in arts, it was our aim to create an idea, which was reflective of our creativity and interests. Following extensive discussions and research about various business projects in arts, we settled on holding a paint pot party, of which the main idea revolved around, creating a party for students to come together, socialize, drink, listen to music and paint freely. In addition, the arts party would involve students from all courses in Newcastle, rather than just arts-based programs, aiming at a messy, fun, and entertaining night that would encourage creativity. The idea for this project was informed by Paint Jam London, which provides themed arts parties for an array of clients. As a group, we came together to study learn from Paint Jam London, conducting research on their business, following which we all combined our ideas. We were especially drawn to this company because it is designed to activate its client’s imagination and to inspire them. Just as we plan with our project, the company seeks to use creative free flow to open artistic techniques to all who want to produce unique artwork. From researching on Paint jam London, we also learnt about the importance corporate social responsibility, which provides a bridge that will help the business support the communities they come from. It is something that we will most certainly integrate in our future company. After collecting information about possible project ideas and being inspired by the Paint Jam London Model, we settled on

IT117 Unit 2 DB Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Deep Transverse Frictions Tissue Injuries Health And Social Care Essay

Deep Transverse Frictions Tissue Injuries Health And Social Care Essay The purpose of this essay is to consider the merits of deep transverse frictions in the treatment of acute and chronic soft tissue injuries. To facilitate this I have considered a wide range of research that has been conducted into the use of frictions. I have also considered the use of alternative therapies in the treatment of similar conditions in order to evaluate the effectiveness of deep transverse frictions in comparison to each of the other treatment methods. What is deep transverse friction? Deep transverse friction was developed for the treatment of soft tissue lesions by the British osteopath Dr. James Cyriax who postulates that deep transverse friction is effective in the reduction of fibrosis and facilitates the formation of strong, pliable scar tissue at the site of healing injuries. Deep transverse friction, which is also known as cross-fibre frictioning (CFF), can help to alleviate build up of the crystalline deposits that can form between tendons and their sheaths and result in painful tendonitis. It can also help to offset the development of myofascial adhesions and soften those that are already present. Deep transverse frictions should be administered with a braced finger or thumb moving across the grain of the muscle, tendon or ligament with a deep, non-gliding, friction stroke. It is not necessary to use a lubricant as this reduces friction. The therapists thumb and the clients skin should move as one over the exact site of the lesion to create a mechanical effect on the tissue being treated. The massage must be applied directly over the site of the lesion and at right angles to the fibres, the stroke must also be wide enough to divide the fibres without skipping over them. The treatment can be painful, but should always be conducted within the pain tolerance threshold of the recipient, and should be started only with the informed consent of the client. It is contraindicated during the initial inflammatory stage of an acute injury. Deep transverse friction may be utilised in the treatment of both acute and chronic conditions. Its uses include; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ mobilisation of interstial fluid à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ reduction or modification of oedema à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ increase of local blood flow à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ decrease of muscle soreness and stiffness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ moderation of pain à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ facilitation of relaxation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ prevention or elimination of adhesions (Wieting 2004). There are a variety of massage techniques that can have physiological, neurological and psychological effects. These can be used to reduce pain and the formation of adhesion, mobilise fluids, increase muscular relaxation, and increase vasodilatation (Wieting 2004). Mechanical pressure on soft tissues displaces fluid which then moves in the direction of least resistance. Movement of the practitioners hand creates a pressure gradient resulting in small amounts of fluid leaving the soft tissues and entering the venous or lymphatic systems, improving lymphatic flow (Wieting 2004). In addition to its mechanical effects, deep transverse friction (and other massage techniques) causes the release of histamine which has a superficial vasodilatory effect that assists in the washing out of metabolic waste products. A noticeable decrease in lactate occurs in massaged muscles which can be associated with reduced muscle spasm, increased endurance and force of contraction. (Cox, 2007) Other beneficial effects of massage include decreased blood viscosity and increased hematocrit levels. There is also an increase in circulating fibrinolytic compounds along with substances such as myoglobin, creatine kinase, dehydrogenase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase which probably represent local muscle cell leakage from the applied pressure. There is also release of endorphins and enkaphalin production (Wieting 2004). Impulses from the stimulation of superficial skeletal muscle fibres, cutaneous and spindle receptors reach the spinal cord and may produce segmental moderation and even somatovisceral reflex changes (Wieting 2004). The normal healing process may also be improved by the breaking of cross bridges, which will help to prevent abnormal scarring. The mechanical action of the technique causes hyperaemia and increased blood flow to the area (Brosseau et al 2002). In addition shearing stresses are created at tissue interfaces below the skin. e.g.dermis-fascia, fascia-muscle, muscle-bone interfaces, the deep pressure prevents shearing of superficial tissues and the shear force is directed at the deeper tissue surface interface (Wieting 2004). This helps release underlying adhesions and promotes improved circulation to the area (Lorenzo 2004). Sevier and Wilson (1999) describe vigorous cross friction massage for 5-10 minutes over the common extensor tendon perpendicular to underlying soft tissue structures in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Point friction may also be performed directly over the lateral eipcondyle and over the radial tunnel where it can be used in an attempt to reduce venous congestion at the extensor carpi radialis origin. This is a purely descriptive article of commonly used treatments for tennis elbow. No analysis of any evidence regarding the efficacy of any of these treatments is given. Disabella (2004) describes the use of friction massage in conjunction with ultrasound and/or electrical stimulation in the treatment of elbow and forearm overuse injuries. In a systematic review of the use of deep transverse friction massage in the treatment of tendonitis Brosseau et al (2002) found only 2 randomised controlled trials of sufficient quality. One of which looked at patients receiving treatment for iliotibial band friction syndrome and the other at tennis elbow. The outcomes of both studies suggest that transverse friction massage combined with other physiotherapy modalities does not significantly reduce tendonitis symptoms when compared to a control. However these studies were of small sample size making it difficult to draw conclusions regarding the benefits or not of treatment of iliotibial band friction syndrome or tennis elbow with transverse friction massage. The tennis elbow study looked at 9 sessions of transverse friction massage given over 5 weeks in combination with other physiotherapy modalities and in isolation. The comparison groups were as follows; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ deep transverse friction massage with therapeutic ultrasound and placebo ointment compared with therapeutic ultrasound and placebo ointment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ deep transverse friction massage compared with phonophoresis alone No difference was found in pain relief, grip strength and functional status between the groups. This study used double blinding and a sound randomisation procedure but did not report withdrawals and dropouts (Brosseau et al 2002). Another study of lateral epicondylitis was carried out by Smidt et al (2002). 185 patients with lateral epicondylitis of at least 6 weeks were randomised using computer generated block randomisation to 6 weeks of treatment with steroid injection, physiotherapy or wait and see policy. The physiotherapy arm of the study consisted of 9 sessions of pulsed ultrasound, deep friction massage and an exercise program over 6 weeks. Outcome measures were general improvement, severity of main complaint, elbow disability, grip strength and pressure pain threshold. Prior to the main study a reproducibility study on 50 patients was carried out that demonstrated good intertester reliability for the research physiotherapists carrying out the outcome measures. Intention to treat analysis was used and at 6 weeks injection was significantly better than all other options on all outcome measures. There was a high recurrence rate in the injection group. The physiotherapy package (which included frictions) gave better long term outcomes than injection but was no better than wait and see policy. Interestingly the wait and see policy had better long term outcomes than injection and physiotherapy that included transverse friction. In a review article containing a summary of the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions for the management of tennis elbow Nimgade et. al (2005) used the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines to assess the quality of the evidence reviewed. The Cochrane guidelines have 11 score items for internal validity, 6 for external validity and 2 for statistical criteria. Thirty studies were reviewed and the quality scores awarded to each study varied between 2 and 9 (out of a possible 11). Eighteen of the studies scored between 6 and 11 points giving an indication of good quality. It appears that relative rest will eventually improve function but the use of early active interventions including steroid injection and physiotherapy modalities may speed up recovery. The physiotherapy interventions reviewed included exercise and ultrasound alone and in combination with friction massage. These authors concluded that, patients who need a rapid return to work or usual activities, may benefit from one or two steroid injections for pain relief in the first few weeks or months and physiotherapy (which may include friction massage) at any stage. Smidt et al (2003) carried out a review to evaluate physiotherapy interventions for lateral epicondylitis. This was a well conducted review that found only one RCT with acceptable validity showing exercises were significantly better than ultrasound plus friction massage. The authors therefore concluded there was insufficient evidence for the effectiveness for most interventions and there was weak evidence that ultrasound may have a beneficial effect. For the treatment of sub acute bicipital tendonitis Gonzalez (2004) recommended physical therapy involving soft tissue therapy with transverse gliding of the tendon and cross-friction massage. In the trial reviewed by Brosseeau et al (2002) involving patients with iliotibial band friction syndrome deep transverse friction massage was used in combination with rest, ice, stretching exercises and ultrasound and this was compared to a control group receiving rest, ice, stretching exercises and ultrasound only. No statistically significant difference was demonstrated in pain relief after 4 sessions of friction massage combined with the other modalities. There was however a clinically important difference in pain when running. This study was not double blinded but this is difficult to do where rehabilitation interventions are concerned and can result in trials of such modalities having consistently low methodological scores. However withdrawals and dropouts were reported which is good practice but there were problems with the randomisation procedure (Brosseau et al 2002). In a summary of aetiology, pathology and treatment of temporomandibular joint syndrome Berman (2004) suggest friction massage may help inactivate trigger points due to temporary ischemia and resultant hyperaemia produced by a firm cutaneous pressure. In addition small fibrous adhesions in the muscle formed as a result of surgery, injury, or prolonged restricted motion may be disrupted. Many studies have used subjective and non validated scales for pain measurement and the use of combined treatments causes difficulties when trying to evaluate treatment efficacy (Brosseau et al 2002). This can make comparison of outcomes between different trials particularly difficult. In studies where a lack of effect is demonstrated there are a number of variables that can contribute to this. These include characteristics of therapeutic application (experience of therapist, rate, rhythm and depth of technique application), population (age, sex, occupation, sports), disease (acute/chronic) and methodology (blinding, randomisation, validated outcome measures, sample sizes, comparison groups, massage only group to assess specific effects) (Brosseau et al 2002). Comments Conclusions Despite a lack of good quality evidence to recommend either its inclusion or exclusion transverse friction massage is a widely taught, and used, physiotherapy treatment in the management of muscle, ligament, tendon injury and pain. The majority of the literature found seems to review the usage of transverse friction massage in the treatment of tennis elbow. There is a lack of good quality, randomised, controlled trials testing the efficacy of transverse friction massage either in isolation or as part of management package. Many papers are descriptive in nature of transverse friction massage being used in conjunction with other modalities. The literature regarding mechanical, physiological, neurological effects and possible mechanisms of action is speculative which could be due to such trials being difficult to conduct.

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay -- Robert Louis Stev

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson, is a story rife with the imagery of a troubled psyche. Admittedly taken largely from Stevenson’s dreams, it undoubtably sheds light on the author’s own hidden fears and desires. Written at the turn of the 19th Century, it also reflects the psychology of society in general at the same time when Sigmund Freud was setting about to do the same thing. While Freud is often criticized for his seemingly excessive emphasis on sexual suppression as the leading cause of psychological disturbances, the time period in which he lived was exceedingly strict on what constituted appropriate and inappropriate behavior. Accordingly, Freud hypothesized that the majority of people were obliged to hide their unacceptable thoughts and feelings down in the depths of their unconscious from whence they would inevitably escape from at a later time to manifest in a variety of ways. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde illustrates Freud’s theory of repression throughout the entirety of the story and shows the negative consequences associated with this coping strategy. Henry Jekyll is the character who has repressed the most and who consequently suffers the direst of outcomes. In his statement of his experiences leading up to the emergence of Edward Hyde, one anticipates the revelation of some early trauma of a fairly significant scale that would clarify the man’s need to regress to an alternate identity. However, Jekyll’s letter is free from any mention of anything of the sort. He instead emphasizes his â€Å"gaiety of disposition†, and his â€Å"guarantee† of a â€Å"distinguished future,† while steering clear of any descriptio... ...he reveals his struggle as he â€Å"sought with tears and prayers to smother down the crowd of hideous images and sounds with which my memory swarmed against me† (57). His fight with repression was a losing battle as was everyone else’s. They made the mistake of believing that an issue can be buried deep enough in the unconscious to remain hidden forever. Had Freud’s theories been made public a few years earlier they may have realized the irrationality of their actions and that openly addressing troubling material is the only way to resolve it. For as the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde makes disturbingly clear, small problems can grow into catastrophic ones when they finally break the surface, and they inevitably will as the fog cannot hold forever. Works Cited Stevenson, Robert Louis. Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. New York: Norton, 2003.

Integrating sustainability Essay

During the recent years many challenges have started facing communities due to the controversial tendencies in the modern world- rapid urbanization and struggles of communities for keeping environment in the state which was common for it for many centuries. The problem which communities have come across now is very complex, and requires a very well-considered approach. On one hand, the present generation wants to enjoy all the benefits of the time and take advantages of everything what it offers to them. On the other hand, it’s important to maintain to the environment in such a way that future generations can take advantage of it as well. It’s impossible to use all of the natural resources in just recent years because further generations will not be able to use them. Therefore, issues of sustainability have become particularly sharp lately. One of the ways to face the challenge and devote necessary attention to sustainability issues is by carrying out well-balanced policy on the government level, defining the mission statement of the policy, setting correct objectives, analyzing the present state of environment and factors influencing it, and suggesting measures which can be used in order to implement the adopted strategies. The major role of strategic planning in this matter cannot be doubted. The strategy has to be carried out at the highest level in order to meet all of the goals which nowadays reality sets in front of us. In Sutherland Shire, the damage of land is connected with urban growth and the consequent influence on water quality, biodiversity and air quality. As the State of Environment Report states, â€Å"in 2002/03, a total of 2,728 development applications were received in the Shire. Of these, 2,400 development applications were approved (54 less than approved in 2001/02). Of all development applications received, 13% were associated with new residential development. Medium density development accounted for 2% (50) of all development applications in 2002/03. † (State of Environment Report, p. 10). Sutherland Shire Council has been very efficient during the recent years in setting objectives and implementing all the activities regarding environmental protection. The plans issued by the Sutherland Council manage to cover all the necessary issues which rise in the shire during the recent years. On one hand, the council focuses on the modern developments made in the shire but it also devotes lots of attention to environmental problems. In order to achieve maximum efficiency, the council regards all the activities provided in the shire to improve the life of dwellers through the prism of environmental protection. This approach has proved to be very efficient for present day realities. As the Management Plan of Sutherland Shire states, â€Å"†¦Sustainability is the ability to provide choices for future generations of the Shire without compromising those of our generation. The Shire has made progress in addressing challenges in community issues and safety, the natural environment, and transport, identified in 2000. Further integration of transport choices with land use, which affects community issues, safety and the environment, is required. An informed democratic process which carefully addresses Shire risks, and continued commitment to sustainability in council management, are fundamental to achieving sustainability. † (Management Plan, 15) The perception of sustainability provided by Sutherland Shire Council plays a very important role in all the activities provided by the council. They include solving problems regarding community safety, transport, natural environment, and some other issues. The Management Plan and State of Environment Plan of Sutherland Shire both focus on ecologically sustainable development. The whole purpose of such development is taking into consideration all of the objectives which were set in NSW Local Government Act in 1993. The Management Plan has also been created according to the council adopted Our Guide for Shaping the Shire to 2030. The major strategic goals which the council states in the Management Plan are â€Å"†¦to pursue sustainability across economic, social and environmental considerations. We address economic, social and environmental issues on a day to day basis and in this plan, have made this more tangible with triple bottom line statements against our principal activities† (Management Plan, p. 12). The plan also states that the council’s vision of the shire is â€Å"a community working together to attain safe, healthy and active lifestyles, through accountable decision-making, that achieves sustainable development and economic opportunities, that respect people and nature† (Management Plan, p. 11). Describing the vision of the shire is a very important part of strategic planning of the council because the achievement of the marked vision of the shire is the major strategic goal which the council sets for the community. The strategic goal is expressed very well in the plan, and this enables the council to plan the activities carefully in order to achieve the goal. According to all of the mentioned documents, all the developments which take place in the shire during the following years had to be done without damaging the natural environment and preventing future generations from enjoying the benefits of clean water, beautiful gardens and many other advantages which nature has given to the shire long ago. The NSW Local Government Act stated that urban development which is currently occurring in the shire is very dangerous for the natural resources, for example water, air quality, biodiversity. Therefore, when adopting future plans for the development of shire, it was very important for the local council to take into consideration all the measures which would prevent natural environment from damage. Most of the measures taken during the recent years were very successful in this regard. According to the Sutherland Shire Management Plan, the two key components of ESD in local government are: a requirement for natural resource protection actions (e. g. bushland, waterways, tree canopy, etc. ) in all unit work programs, based on management plan development, including descriptions of individual management responsibilities within core business; reporting State of the Environment results including likely outcomes for key natural resource health indicators as a result of community decisions on planning options. (Management Plan, p. 14). The council has planned many measures which would be crucial in environmental protection. In the UN-Derived Local Action 21 Program, all the measures taken for integration of council with the community were marked. All of the joint efforts of the council and the community had to be devoted to eliminating environmental problems. For example, some measures were taken regarding the areas which are currently experiencing planning change. The main emphasize in the plan was made on the risk assessment techniques which would provide all of the necessary data about the possible damage which could be given to the environment in the result of the measures. All of the objectives set in the UN-Derived Local Action 21 Program answered the main strategic goals placed in front of the environment. The results of the program implementation however showed the lack of organization communication and some mistakes made during transport planning, therefore some more consideration had to be devoted to the structure of the program in order to eliminate negative impact of the mentioned factors. The main directions which the Council has set are very meaningful and help to implement all the activities which it has stated in the strategic goal: ? pursuing ecologically sustainable development, meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising those of the future; ? demonstrating organizational delivery of integrated services and be environmentally, socially and economically responsible and accountable; ? managing resources to maintain financial viability and enhance service provision? promoting access, equity and a sense of community (Management Plan, p. 11). Most of the directions which have been set by the Council are very complex and require joint efforts of people involved in the community life. In order to increase the efficiency of implementing the goals which have been set by the council, it makes a decision to encourage as many people as possible to participate in the community life. Therefore, increasing the number of citizens involved in the community life serves one of the ways to achieve the directions mentioned above. There are some other issues on which the council chooses to focus in order to meet all of the challenges which can arise from the objectives set by it. According to the Management Plan of Sutherland Shire, the main issues on which the council is planning to focus during the next years included the following: ? Nurture our clean and beautiful natural environment; ? Improve our suburbs; ? Increase the number of citizens involved in community life; ? Maintain our prosperous local economy; ? Build safe, healthy and active lifestyles; ? Business activities; ? Support services (Management Plan). As it’s possible to tell from the list of activities which the council was providing, the main feature of the plan was combining activities leading to the increase of the level of life of people in the shire, brining development into their lifestyles, and at the same time focusing on the measures of environmental protection. It’s very important that the council has devoted lots of attention to the issue of nurturing the clean and beautiful natural environment of the Sutherland Shire. This features of the plan shows that the major strategic goals which have been put in from of the council are being implemented. The importance of other measures which have been taken by the council, like increasing the number of citizens involved in the community life, increasing the prosperity of local economy, building active lifestyles are very important as well. Those are also one of the measures which have to be taken to prepare future generations for a happy and prosperous life. If actions taken to protect environment are very important for the future generations ecology vice because they guarantee them life in a clean environment, actions taken to increase the prosperity of the shire are equally important. One of the major features of the Management Plan and State of Environment Report of Sutherland Shire is that the mentioned actions don’t come into controversion with one another. This is a very important achievement of the council’s planning which can be marked as an outstanding one. As long as the objectives of environmental activities and of urban development activities are well-balanced, the results of the plan implementation will always be positive. There are many activities which have been planned by the Council in order to protect the environment. In the plan, there have been included many activities which dealt with people’s recreation (like building public golf courses, tennis courts, vacation facilities), providing services for youth and older people and some others, but the main attention was devoted to environmental issues. The list of activities planned by the Council to protect the environment includes the following responsibilities and services: ? animal shelter ? beaches ? Bushcare ? certification (for development) ? Cleansing of public places ? clean-up campaign ? Earthworks ? economic development support? environmental assessment and application determination ? environmental compliance ? environmental education ? environmental health and regulation ? environmental planning ? environmental research and policy ? parks maintenance and construction ? plan of management for community land ? roads construction and traffic management ? stormwater drainage ? street cleaning ? waste collection and education (Management Plan, p. 13). In order to have a full view of how the activities have been balanced in the Management Plan, it’s necessary to investigate the data which is provided in the organizational budget summary. According to the data of capital works budget, the Council spends the most financial resources on building safe, healthy and active lifestyles (19,537,713), non-divisional programs and indirect income (18,073,881), and improving suburbs (10,253,947). The financial resources which are spent on nurturing clean and beautiful nature environment are the next in the list by the volume of budget expenses and can be estimated by 6,561,895. This figure appears quite low in comparison with other activities on which budget money goes. In order to maintain the environment, it’s necessary for the Council to re-structure the expenses of the budget and make sure that more resources are channeled to the environmental protection. The amount of budget money spent on building safe, healthy and active lifestyles is too high, and it’s important for the Council to devote enough attention to environmental protection. The resources which have been channeled for this issue are insufficient, and it’s necessary for the budget planners to take a closer look at this problem. The environmental programs which have been planned by the Council require substantial financial support, therefore the budget has to be planned accordingly to the possible cost of the programs. For example, as the State of Environment report marks, the following programs have been initiated by the Council: Oyster Bay Trip Substitution Project, Beaches to Bay Bus, Travel access Guides in order to reduce car use. Those projects need substantial financial support from the government. It’s very important to take measures in protecting environmentally sensitive land such as Botany Bay National Park, Geroges River National Park, Heathcote National Park, Royal National Park. In order to protect environmentally sensitive land, financial support from the council is very much needed, and large sums of money have to be channeled to the mentioned activities. As the investigations have shown, the Southerland Shire Management Plan and State of Environment report provide sufficient strategic and operational directions. They both reflect all of the strategic goals which have been set for the shire in order to provide choices for future generations without preventing present generations from enjoying all the benefits of nowadays reality. The actions marked in the plan represent a compromise between the necessity of rapid urban growth dictated by present day realities and the necessity to protect environment for future generations to enjoy beautiful nature and clean air in the same way we do now. Bibliography. 1. Management Plan. Sutherland Shire Council. 2. NSW Local Government Act, 1993. 3. State of Environment Report 2002/2003. Sutherland Shire Council.

Infamous Salem Witch Trials - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1095 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/21 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Salem Witch Trials Essay Did you like this example? When looking back at American history, there are many historic events that have either helped shape or change Americars future. However, one of the most memorable years has to be the year of 1692, for this was one of the most scandalous times that is famously remembered in history. This is best known as the infamous Salem Witch Trials. The Salem witch trials was a disastrous event in which certain people were either falsely or rightfully accused of practicing witchcraft and sentenced to be either hanged or sent to jail. Even though these trials took place in a number of cities within the Massachusetts Bay Colony, it was being primarily focused in the town of Salem between February 1692 and May 1693. These trials were by far the largest witchcraft hysteria in the history of Colonial America. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Infamous Salem Witch Trials" essay for you Create order The start of these trials began during the spring of 1692; a group of young girls in Salem began claiming that they have been possessed by the devil. All through the summer of 1692 the convictions mounted. The first hanging, of Bridget Bishop, took place on June 10, the next five, including Rebecca Nurse, on July 19. On August 19 five more, four of them men, were hanged (Brandt, 2014, p. 34â€Å"43). During these accusations, Mather began to defend the trials by ignoring the form of evidence based upon dreams and visions. This type of evidence is called Spectral evidence, Mather used this to convict those he believed were witches and began to become a main key in the trials of four of the five accused, unlike Bridget Bishoprs trial. The New Englanders are a people of god settled in those, which were once the Devilrs territories (Mather, 2017, p. 12). Shortly after, the court apparently overlooked Mathers warning about ignoring spectral evidence but took to heart his exhortation to c leanse the land, and the pace of the trials picked up (Hoffer, 1997). People felt the use of spectral evidence was unreliable because the Devil could take the form of an innocent person to do his evil deeds. With the girls displaying strange behaviors and showing symptoms of illness, more people in Salem began displaying the same signs of distress. Everyone became a suspect of witchcraft, and it was only a matter of time before someone accused them to be tried in court. Although most of the accused witches were women, some men were also accused. The Puritans began to fear whether or not they were to be punished and/or hanged. In his book The Salem Witchcraft Trials, author Peter Charles Hoffer describes this human fear as part of the frailty of human nature. Whether it was the fear of disobeying God or hysteria that motivated these trials to take place, the accusations did not stop anytime soon. As time went on and the number of accused continued to grow, several people became upset with the trials. Many risked their own safety by starting petitions on behalf of the imprisoned (Loiselle, 2017, p. 5). During this time period, religion was the primary focus and way of life within small colonies. In this case, those in Salem mainly followed the Puritan way of life. Puritans began to define witchcraft as associating with the devil in exchange for certain powers in order to perform such cruel acts against others. During this time, witchcraft was considered both a sin and crime because it denied Godrs own superiority and brought physical harm to others. The Puritans began to feel that these events were happening because God was punishing them for the hangings of innocent people. The fear of being punished established a tense atmosphere and enforced the idea that anything involved with witchcraft was interpreted as an act of Gods wrath. Using their own belief and fear, they wanted to make sure that every last witch were to be exposed and punished in order to end the wrath of God. By the end of May 1692, around 200 people were jailed and charged with witchcraft. Shortly after accusing hundreds of people, some Puritans actually started to wonder whether or not the girls were being truthful or just trying to be spiteful towards their enemies. It also ended when people noticed that fewer people were confessing and more people were hanging. The Salem witch hunt and trials finally ended when people began to notice that people were being accused of witchcraft even when they had no evidence. The aftermath of the Salem witch trials was severe:141 people imprisoned, 19 people executed, and two more died from other causes. After months of doing these trials, the governor finally decided to put an end to the trials in May of 1693. The trials were declared unlawful and Massachusetts formally apologized for the trials. More than 200 people were accused, nineteen of whom were found guilty and executed by hanging. It was a tragic event that took place. This time period was unique for New England because of the number of terrible things that were occurring around the same time of these trials. Historically, there had never been a witch hunt of that intensity or size in America. After the trials took place, ideas about justice started to change after the trial. Spectral evidence was no longer accepted in court and the American idea that someone is innocent until proven guilty appeared. Salem faced a major change as a result of the Puritan ambition. Because of their thought on the ideal community as a straitlaced society, those who portrayed an imperfect model were to be isolated. It has been used in political rhetoric and popular literature as a vivid cautionary tale about the dangers of isolationism, religious extremism, false accusations, and lapses in due processes. The painful legacy of the Salem witch trials would endure for centuries. Hundreds of people were accused of being witches and the pastors of the local churches began to have their own trials in order to determine who was and who wasnt a witch. Salem executed the most people for being witches. Although the Salem trials were not the last, because of the Massachusetts authorities actions in discovering, acknowledging, and disowning their errors, the Salem experience helped to end witchcraft trials in Western civilization (Billings Manning, 2006). The question of what specifically caused these trials has been asked for over several decades. Although it is a simple question, the answer is difficult to answer because there are numerous factors that helped build and influence the trials. The main factors consisted of politics, religion, enemies, family feuds, and the fear of witchcraft. We may never know the cause of the Salem Witch Trials, but that will not stop scholars from evolving theories.